BV and Sex: What We’re Learning About How It Spreads
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is incredibly common — but the way we talk about it hasn’t always kept up with the science.
Many people are told BV is simply a bacterial imbalance that happens randomly.
While that’s partly true, newer research suggests there’s more going on.
What Actually Is BV?
BV happens when the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina changes.
Normally, protective bacteria (like Lactobacillus) help maintain a healthy environment. When these drop, other bacteria can overgrow — leading to BV.
Some people notice:
Changes in discharge
A strong or “fishy” odour
Irritation or burning
But many people don’t have any symptoms at all
Can BV Be Passed Between Partners?
This is where understanding is evolving.
BV is not officially classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI), but research now shows it can behave in similar ways.
Studies suggest that bacteria associated with BV can be shared between sexual partners — including partners with and without a penis.
This means:
BV can potentially be passed back and forth
Treating only one person may not always prevent recurrence
Sexual activity can sometimes trigger or reintroduce imbalance
This is a key reason why some people experience recurrent BV, even after treatment.
Why Does BV Keep Coming Back?
Recurrent BV is common, and usually not due to anything you’re doing wrong.
Factors that may contribute include:
1. Microbiome Recovery
Antibiotics treat the overgrowth, but don’t always restore protective bacteria.
2. Hormonal Changes
Hormones influence vaginal pH and microbiome balance — especially with menstrual cycles or hormone therapy.
3. Partner Microbiome
Emerging evidence suggests bacteria can be shared between partners, contributing to recurrence.
4. Individual Biology
Everyone’s microbiome is different — and responds differently to treatment.
Important: This Isn’t About Hygiene
One of the biggest misconceptions is that BV is linked to cleanliness.
It’s not.
Over washing, douching, or using harsh products can actually disrupt the microbiome further.
BV is about balance — not hygiene.
A More Modern Approach to Care
Understanding BV as a microbiome condition — and one that can be influenced by sexual activity — changes how we approach it.
Instead of only treating the immediate symptoms, care may also involve:
Supporting microbiome recovery
Considering partner-related factors
Looking at patterns of recurrence
Understanding hormonal influences
At Elgin House, we take a whole-person approach to vaginal health — because recurrent conditions rarely have a single cause.
When to Seek Support
If you’re experiencing:
BV that keeps coming back
Symptoms that don’t fully resolve
Confusion around triggers or recurrence
It’s worth looking deeper.
You deserve answers that go beyond “this just happens.”
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) — Bacterial Vaginosis Guidelines
Bradshaw CS et al. Recurrence of bacterial vaginosis and partner treatment. New England Journal of Medicine
Muzny CA, Schwebke JR. Pathogenesis of BV and role of sexual transmission. Clinical Infectious Diseases
RANZCOG — Vaginal health and infection guidelines
Journal of Infectious Diseases — BV prevalence and microbiome studies